Psychometric properties of the hospital birth satisfaction scale: Birth in Brazil survey / Propriedades psicométricas da escala de satisfação com a assistência hospitalar no parto: estudo Nascer no Brasil / Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de satisfacción sobre cuidados hospitalarios durante el parto: encuesta Nacer en Brasil

The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the hospital birth satisfaction scale with data from the first follow-up interview of the Birth in Brazil survey. The 11 questions of the scale were asked by telephone up to six months after discharge in a stratified random sample of 16,109 women residing in all five regions of the country. The sample was randomly divided into two halves. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to the first half in order to identify the scale's factorial structure. The scree plot suggested the scale to be one-dimensional. The EFA demonstrated a good fit of the one-dimensional model. Factor loadings were greater than 0.5 for all items, except for the mean time transpired between leaving the home and arriving at the maternity hospital, which was excluded from the next analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis applied to the sample's second half with the remaining ten items had a good fit and the factor loadings were > 0.50 with p-values < 0.001. The associations between birth satisfaction and the external variables, the mother's education level (standardized coefficient = 0.073; p = 0.035), private insurance (SC = 0.183; p < 0.001) and having a companion at some point during the hospitalization for labor (SC = 0.193; p = 0.001) were all as expected. There was evidence of configural and metric invariance according to type of hospital (private or public) and type of delivery (cesarean or vaginal). These results showed that the hospital birth satisfaction scale in Brazil is a one-dimensional instrument composed of ten items.

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as propriedades psicométricas da escala de satisfação com a assistência hospitalar no parto, a partir dos dados da primeira entrevista de seguimento do estudo Nascer no Brasil. As 11 perguntas da escala foram endereçadas via telefone dentro de seis meses depois da alta hospitalar em uma amostra aleatória estratificada de 16.109 mulheres residentes nas cinco macrorregiões brasileiras. A amostra foi dividida aleatoriamente em duas metades. Na primeira metade, foi realizada análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) para identificar a estrutura fatorial da escala. O gráfico de declividade sugeriu que a escala era unidimensional. A AFE demonstrou bom ajuste do modelo unidimensional. As cargas fatoriais foram maiores de 0,50 para todos os itens, exceto para o tempo médio de viagem da residência da parturiente até a maternidade, que foi excluído da análise subsequente. A análise fatorial confirmatória realizada com os dez itens remanescentes na segunda metade da amostra mostrou bom ajuste, com cargas fatoriais > 0,50 e valores de p < 0,001. As associações entre a satisfação com a assistência hospitalar no parto e as variáveis externas de escolaridade materna (coeficiente padronizado = 0,073; p = 0,035), plano de saúde privado (CP = 0,183; p < 0,001) e ter acompanhante em algum momento durante a internação para o parto (CP = 0,193; p = 0,001) foram na direção esperada. Houve evidências de invariância configural e métrica de acordo com o tipo de hospital (privado vs. público) e tipo de parto (cesáreo vs. vaginal). Os resultados mostram que a escala de satisfação com a assistência hospitalar no parto no Brasil é um instrumento unidimensional constituído de dez itens.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de satisfacción sobre cuidados hospitalarios durante el parto, con datos procedentes de la primera entrevista de seguimiento, pertenecientes a la encuesta Nacer en Brasil. Se hicieron 11 preguntas de esta escala por teléfono hasta seis meses después del parto, mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado a 16.109 mujeres, residentes en las cinco regiones del país. Se dividió el mismo aleatoriamente en dos mitades. En la primera, se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) para identificar la estructura factorial de la escala. El gráfico de sedimentación indicó que la escala era unidimensional. El AFE demostró un buen ajuste al modelo unidimensional. Las cargas factoriales fueron superiores al 0,5 en todos los ítems, excepto en el tiempo empleado en ir de casa al hospital materno-infantil, que se excluyó del siguiente análisis. En la segunda mitad de la muestra se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio con los diez ítems restantes que tuvo un buen ajuste y cuyas cargas factoriales fueron > 0,50 con p-valor < 0,001. Las asociaciones entre la satisfacción con los cuidados hospitalarios recibidos para el parto, las variables externas, escolaridad maternal (coeficiente estandarizado = 0,073; p = 0,035), seguro privado (CE = 0,183; p < 0,001) y contar con pareja en algún momento durante la hospitalización para el parto (CE = 0,193; p = 0,001), estuvieron en línea con lo esperado. Hubo evidencia de invarianza métrica y de configuración, según el tipo de hospital (privado o público), y tipo de parto (cesárea o vaginal). Estos resultados mostraron que la escala de satisfacción sobre cuidados hospitalarios durante el parto en Brasil es un instrumento unidimensional compuesto de diez ítems.

Utilization and determinants of postnatal care services in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Postnatal care use is vital in saving mother and newborn lives which is a continuum of care for maternal, neonatal and child health. This reviewaimed to determine the utilization and determinants of postnatal care use in Ethiopia. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched on June 25, 2017. The study screening, data extraction and quality assessment were done independently by two reviewers. Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Nine articles were included in the review. The pooled estimate for utilization of the service was 32% (95% CI: 21%, 43%). The pooled results of determinants of postnatal care use was statistically significant among those mothers who had ability to make decisions (1.89; 1.25, 2.54), had a history of antenatal care utilization (2.55; 1.42, 3.68), received more than two antenatal care visits (1.84; 1.28, 2.40), and received the service from skilled service provider (3.16; 1.62, 4.70). It was also found that mothers who gave birth in health faciliteis (2.13; 1.14, 3.12), had middle monthly income, richer, were from urban areas, and had knowledge of obstetric danger signs were significantly associated with increased odds of postnatal care use. CONCLUSION: Utilization of the services is low in Ethiopia. Antenatal care utilization, skilled service provider, being from urban area and delivery in health facility had a significant effect on postnatal care utilization. More rigorous studies are needed to identify determinant with the causal association to postnatal care utilization. The reviewwas registered on PROSPERO CRD42017060266

Active health Ombudsman service: evaluation of the quality of delivery and birth care / Ouvidoria ativa em saúde: avaliação da qualidade da atenção ao parto e nascimento

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the active health Ombudsman service as an instrument to evaluate the quality of delivery and birth care in the Cegonha Network of the Federal District of Brazil. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of the telephone survey type carried out with 1,007 mothers with deliveries between October 15, 2013 and November 19, 2013 in the twelve public maternity hospitals that make up the Cegonha Network of the Federal District of Brazil. The instrument has 25 multiple choice or Likert scale questions, including sociodemographic data and acceptability evaluation in five domains: accessibility, relationship between the patient and health professionals, conditions of the structure of the service, information to the patient, and equity and opinion of the patient. We have studied qualitative or categorical variables according to the frequency and distribution of proportions. We have used the score transformed into a scale from zero to 100 for the analysis of the Likert-type scale questions. Results have been expressed as mean and standard deviation. RESULTS Access to prenatal appointments was evaluated as good or excellent by 86.1% of the participants and laboratory tests was evaluated as good or excellent by 85.2% of them. The access to imaging tests was evaluations as good or excellent by 45.7% of the women; 79.5% of the interviewees had their delivery in the maternity hospital where they sought initial care and 18.3% received a home visit by a community health agent after discharge. Most women reported that newborns were placed skin-to-skin immediately after birth, 48.9% had a companion at the time of the delivery, 76.3% were advised about the first appointment of the newborn, and 94.8% were advised on breastfeeding in the maternity hospital. Regarding the evaluation of health professionals, 85.9% of the women considered reception and cordiality as good or excellent at the prenatal care and 94.8% considered it as good or excellent at the maternity hospital. CONCLUSIONS The active health Ombudsman service has contributed to evaluate the quality of public management by allowing the incorporation of the perspective of users of the health service in the evaluation of the acceptability of the Cegonha Network in the Federal District of Brazil.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a ouvidoria ativa em saúde como ferramenta de avaliação da qualidade da atenção ao parto e nascimento da Rede Cegonha do Distrito Federal. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, do tipo inquérito por via telefônica, em 1.007 puérperas com partos realizados entre 15/10/2013 e 19/11/2013, nas 12 maternidades públicas que compõem a Rede Cegonha no Distrito Federal. O instrumento continha 25 questões de múltipla escolha ou do tipo escala Likert, que incluiu dados sociodemográficos e avaliação da aceitabilidade em cinco domínios: acessibilidade, relacionamento entre o paciente e os profissionais de saúde, condições da estrutura do serviço, informação ao paciente, e equidade e opinião do paciente. Variáveis qualitativas ou categóricas foram estudadas de acordo com a frequência e distribuição de proporções. Utilizou-se o escore transformado para uma escala de zero a 100 para análise das questões do tipo escala Likert. Resultados foram expressos em média e desvio-padrão. RESULTADOS O acesso às consultas de pré-natal foi avaliado como bom ou ótimo por 86,1% das participantes e os exames laboratoriais como bom ou ótimo por 85,2%. O acesso aos exames de imagem teve 45,7% avaliações boas ou ótimas; 79,5% das entrevistadas realizaram o parto na maternidade onde buscaram atendimento inicial e 18,3% receberam visita domiciliar por agente comunitário de saúde após a alta. A maioria relatou que os recém-nascidos foram colocados em seus colos ou peitos imediatamente após o nascimento, 48,9% tiveram presença de acompanhante no momento do parto, 76,3% foram orientadas em relação à primeira consulta dos recém-nascidos e 94,8% sobre aleitamento materno na maternidade. Quanto à avaliação dos profissionais de saúde, 85,9% das mulheres consideraram o acolhimento e a cordialidade recebidos como bons ou ótimos no pré-natal e 94,8%, como bons ou ótimos na maternidade. CONCLUSÕES A ouvidoria ativa em saúde contribuiu para a avaliação da qualidade da gestão pública, possibilitando a incorporação da perspectiva das usuárias do serviço de saúde na avaliação da aceitabilidade da Rede Cegonha no Distrito Federal.

Impact of health education intervention on knowledge and utilization of postnatal care services among women in Edu local Government of Kwara State, Nigeria

Background: This study examined the impact of health education intervention (HEI) on the knowledge and utilization of postnatal care services among women in Edu, Nigeria.Methods: A quasi-experimental research design using pre-test and post-test control group to examine impact of HEI among women. Researchers-developed questionnaire was used for data collection.Intervention: One hundred and twenty women were exposed to ten weeks health education intervention; sixty (n=60) experimental group exposed to postnatal care services lectures and sixty (n=60) control group were exposed to HIV/AIDS prevention lectures. The results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to answer research question and test null hypothesis at 0.05 significant levels.Results: The findings showed an improvement from pre intervention mean scores of 64.26 to post intervention scores of 98.15 for the experimental group against 68.88 post intervention mean score of control group. While, the pre intervention mean score of utilization was 56.67 compared with post intervention mean scores of 92.91 for the experimental group and 61.04 for the control group utilization This showed positive impact of health education intervention on knowledge and willingness of women of childbearing age to utilize postnatal care services in Edu LGA.Conclusion: Study concluded that, health education intervention had positive impact on knowledge and willingness of WCA to utilize postnatal care, and the knowledge gained need to be sustained to improve WCA health seeking behaviour in the communities of Edu LGA

Cuidados prestados à mulher na visita domiciliar da "Primeira Semana de Saúde Integral" / La atención prestada a la mujer en la visita domiciliar de la "Primera Semana de Salud Integral" / Women's care during home visits for the "First Comprehensive Healthcare Week"

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o cuidado prestado à mulher na visita domiciliar da "Primeira Semana de Saúde Integral". Método Estudo transversal realizado em serviço especializado do Recife, Pernambuco. Entre setembro e dezembro de 2013, 190 puérperas cadastradas na Estratégia Saúde da Família responderam a um questionário para verificar a existência de associação entre a visita domiciliar e as variáveis investigadas, utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado, com nível de confiança de 95%. Resultados Predominou idade de até 29 anos (68,5%) e risco gestacional alto (59,5%), sendo 46,9% primíparas. Na primeira semana pós-alta, 42,1% receberam visita. Constatou-se associação entre atenção pré-natal em nível local e visita na primeira semana (p=0,049). A participação do enfermeiro na visita estava associada à maior realização de exame de mama (p=0,000), abdômen (p=0,000) e investigação de condições emocionais (p=0,029). Conclusões Evidencia-se a necessidade de instituir um planejamento rotineiro para efetuar a visita domiciliar programática, priorizando as puérperas de risco.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la atención prestada a la mujer en la visita domiciliaria de la "Primera Semana de Salud Integral". Método Estudio transversal, realizado en servicio de nivel terciario, en Recife, Pernambuco. Entre septiembre y diciembre de 2013, 190 madres inscritas en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia respondieron a un cuestionario para verificar la existencia de asociación entre las visitas domiciliarias y las variables investigadas. Se utilizó el Chi-cuadrado, con nivel de confianza del 95%. Resultados Predominó edad hasta los 29 años (68,5%) riesgo gestacional alto (59,5%), de los cuales el 46,9% primíparas. La primera semana posalta, el 42,1% recibió VD. Se constató asociación entre atención prenatal en el nivel local y visita en la primera semana (p=0,049). La participación del enfermero en visita estaba asociada a mayor realización de examen de mama (p=0,000), abdomen (p=0,000) e investigación de condiciones emocionales (p=0,029). Conclusiones Necesidad evidenciada de instituir planificación de rutina para efectuar visita domiciliaria programática, priorizando puérperas de riesgo.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate women's care during home visits for the "First Comprehensive Care Week". Method A cross-sectional study was carried out in a specialized service in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 190 women who had recently given birth enrolled at the Family Health Strategy answered the questionnaire between September and December 2013 to verify the association between home visits and the investigated variables. This association was verified using the chi-square test with a confidence level of 95%. Results Most of the women were 29 years old or under (68.5%), with high gestational risk (59.5%), and primiparous (46.9%). On the first week after hospital discharge, 42.1% received a home visit. An association was detected between local pre-natal care and a home visit on the first week (p = 0.049). The participation of the nurses during the visits was associated with better performance for breast and abdomen examinations (p = 0.000) and investigations on emotional conditions (p = 0.029). Conclusions These findings stress the need to establish a routine home visit plan to solve the issues of women with high-risk pregnancies after labour.

Práticas de atenção hospitalar ao recém-nascido saudável no Brasil / La práctica en el cuidado de los recién nacidos sanos en Brasil / Clinical practices in the hospital care of healthy newborn infant in Brazil

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o cuidado ao recém-nascido saudável a termo e identificar variações nesse cuidado no atendimento ao parto e na primeira hora de vida. Utilizou-se a base de dados da pesquisa Nascer no Brasil. Foram estimadas as razões de produtos cruzados OR brutas e ajustadas entre as características do hospital, maternas e de assistência ao parto com os desfechos: aspiração de vias aéreas e gástrica, uso do oxigênio inalatório, uso de incubadora, contato pele a pele, alojamento conjunto e oferta do seio materno na sala de parto e na primeira hora de vida. Foi observada grande variação das práticas usadas na assistência ao recém-nascido a termo na sala de parto. Práticas consideradas inadequadas como uso de oxigênio inalatório (9,5%), aspiração de vias aéreas (71,1%) e gástrica (39,7%) e uso de incubadora (8,8%) foram excessivamente usadas. A ida ao seio na sala de parto foi considerada baixa (16,1%), mesmo nos hospitais com título de Hospital Amigo da Criança (24%). Esses resultados sugerem baixos níveis de conhecimento e aderência às boas práticas clínicas.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el cuidado de los recién nacidos sanos y determinar si existen desigualdades en la prestación de servicios y durante la primera hora de vida. Se utilizó la base de datos de la encuesta Nacer en Brasil. Las ratios se estimaron a través del producto odds ratio (OR) y se realizó un ajuste bruto entre las características del hospital, la madre y la atención del nacimiento con los siguientes resultados: aspiración gástrica y de las vías respiratorias, uso de oxígeno inhalado, incubadora, contacto piel con piel, alojamiento conjunto y ofrecer lactancia materna en la sala de partos y en la primera hora de vida. Existe una alta variación de las prácticas utilizadas en el cuidado del recién nacido. Prácticas consideradas inapropiadas, como el uso de oxígeno inhalado (9,5%), aspiración vías respiratorias (71,1%) y gástrica (39,7%) y el uso de incubadora (8,8%) fueron altos. La lactancia materna en la sala de partos fue baja (16,1%), hasta en los hospitales especializados en la atención a niños (24%). Los resultados sugieren bajos niveles de la adhesión a las buenas prácticas.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the care of healthy full-term newborns and to identify variations in childbirth care and practices in the first hour of life. We used data from the Birth in Brazil survey. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) of hospital-delivered care for the mother and during childbirth were estimated for the following outcomes: upper airways and gastric aspiration, use of inhaled oxygen, use of incubator, skin-to-skin contact after birth, rooming-in and breastfeeding in the delivery room and within the first hour of life. We observed wide variations in the care of healthy full-term newborn in the delivery room. Practices considered inadequate, such as use of inhaled oxygen, (9.5%) aspiration of airways (71.1%) and gastric suctioning (39.7%), and the use of incubator (8.8%) were excessively used. Breastfeeding in the delivery room was low (16%), even when the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative had been implemented (24%). The results suggest poor knowledge and compliance by health practitioners to good clinical practice. Such noncompliance was probably not due to the differences in resources, since most births take place in hospitals where the necessary resources are available.

Study of Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services by Rural Women in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.

Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) care is an essential component of the primary health care services. The overwhelming reason for the low utilization of government health care is lack of proper facilities, which in turn limits the utilization of the resources available such as the staff. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the health seeking behavior of rural women for obstetric care in the rural area and the reasons for seeking care and treatment for delivery at urban teaching hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among the rural women admitted in the postnatal ward of Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College & General Hospital, Mumbai during the period of September 2007 to November 2007. A total of 73 rural women were included. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used for the study. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0. Results: Out of 73 rural women from the study, 58 (79.5%) women were registered during antenatal period. 49 (67.1%) women were referred directly from the primary health centre to the tertiary health centre, followed by 48 (65.7%) women believed strongly in the health care provided in the tertiary centre. Conclusion: The study concludes that a large number of cases worth treating at the primary care level are also included in reported cases, increasing avoidable patient load at the tertiary care level.

Determinants of postnatal care use in Kenya

Pregnancy related complications may result in maternal deaths post delivery especially in developing countries. Skilled deliveries and postnatal care (PNC) use in Kenya is low. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of PNC use. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (2008-09 KDHS) women's data were analyzed. Overall data from 3;970 women were analyzed. Results indicate that 47 percent of the women received PNC services. Factors associated with PNC use are mothers' age at delivery of the last child; 4+ ANC visits; urban residence; and skilled delivery. However; lack of education and unskilled delivery were associated with low use of PNC services (p 0.05). In conclusion; the use of PNC services is low at 47 percent although the main determinants for PNC use are amenable to intervention. Strengthening of maternal health services throughout the continuum of care and promoting the use of high quality services by pregnant women is recommended

Adequabilidade da assistência pré-natal em uma estratégia de saúde da família de Porto Alegre-RS / Adecuación de cuidado prenatal en una estrategia de salud familiar de Porto Alegre-RS / Adequacy of prenatal care in a family health strategy program from Porto Alegre-RS

O estudo objetivou avaliar a adequabilidade da assistência pré-natal de baixo risco, conforme a recomendação do Ministério da Saúde, quanto ao número mínimo de consultas, e verificar possíveis fatores associados. Avaliou-se a atenção pré-natal de uma coorte histórica de 95 gestantes. Mais de 50% das mulheres fizeram 6 ou mais consultas de pré-natal. O início do pré-natal ocorreu no primeiro trimestre de gestação para 52% das mulheres; 84,2% das mulheres realizaram todos os exames de pré-natal e apenas 16,8% realizaram consulta no puerpério. A assistência pré-natal foi considerada adequada para 2,1% da amostra. Maior número de consultas pré-natal foi observado entre as mulheres com companheiro e com maior número de filhos.Os registros demonstraram baixa adequação à totalidade dos critérios mínimos estabelecidos e poucos fatores parecem explicar esse cenário.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la adecuación de la atención prenatal de bajo riesgo, según lo recomendado por el Ministerio de Salud, y el número mínimo de consultas, e identificar los posibles factores asociados. Se evaluó la atención de prenatal de una cohorte histórica de 95 embarazadas. Más del 50% de las mujeres hicieron 6 o más consultas de prenatal. El inicio del prenatal se realizó en el primer trimestre de gestación para el 52% de las mujeres; el 84,2% de las mujeres realizó todos los exámenes de prenatal y sólo el 16,8% realizó consulta en el puerperio. La asistencia prenatal fue considerada adecuada para el 2,1% de la muestra. Más números de consultas prenatales fueron observados entre las mujeres con compañero y con mayor número de hijos.Los registros demostraron baja adecuación a la totalidad de los criterios mínimos establecidos y pocos factores parecen explicar ese escenario.

The study aimed to evaluate the adequacy of low-risk prenatal care, as recommended by the Ministry of Health, concerning the minimum number of consultations, and identify possible associated factors. Prenatal care was evaluated in a historical cohort study of 95 pregnant women. Over 50% of the women underwent six or more prenatal consultations. The beginning of the prenatal care began in the first trimester of the gestation for 52% of the women, 84.2% of the women did all their prenatal medical tests, and only 16.8% had postpartum consultations. Prenatal assistance was considered adequate for 2.1% of the sample. A higher number of prenatal consultation was observed among women who had a partner and who had other children.The records reveal a low adequacy level with all minimum criteria established and few factors seem to explain this scenario.

Resultado do teste rápido anti-HIV após o parto: uma ameaça à amamentação ao nascimento / Delivering rapid HIV tests results after delivery: a threat to breastfeeding at birth

OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados à não-amamentação na primeira hora de vida, sobretudo a influência do momento do resultado do teste rápido anti-HIV. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte, sendo o ponto inicial a submissão ao teste rápido e o final a primeira mamada do bebê. A população estudada incluiu 944 parturientes submetidas ao teste rápido anti-HIV, com resultado negativo, em 2006, nos cinco hospitais amigos da criança do Sistema de Gestação de Alto Risco no município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Entrevistadoras treinadas obtiveram dados do laboratório e do prontuário e no pós-parto aplicaram questionário para entrevista às mães. O modelo multinível foi adotado para analisar a influência de características sociodemográficas, de assistência pré-natal e ao parto sobre a não-amamentação na primeira hora de vida. RESULTADOS: Dentre as participantes, apenas 15,6 por cento receberam seu resultado antes do parto, 30,8 por cento depois do parto e 53,6 por cento ainda desconheciam o resultado ao ser entrevistada. A prevalência de não-amamentação na primeira hora de vida foi de 52,5 por cento (IC 95 por cento: 49,3;55,8). Após ajuste, o recebimento do resultado do teste rápido após o parto dobrou o risco da não-amamentação na primeira hora de vida (RR=2,06; IC 95 por cento: 1,55;2,75). Outros fatores de risco foram: cor não branca, renda materna de um salário mínimo ou menos, parto cesáreo, mãe não querer amamentar o bebê ao nascimento e mãe referir que a equipe hospitalar não a escutava. O desconhecimento da realização do teste rápido anti-HIV pela mãe se mostrou como fator de proteção. CONCLUSÕES: O principal fator de risco para a não-amamentação na primeira hora de vida foi o recebimento do resultado do teste rápido após o parto. O teste anti-HIV deve ser amplamente disponibilizado no pré-natal e o teste rápido deve ser realizado sob indicação, na admissão, com busca ativa e pronta comunicação do resultado à mulher.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with failure to breastfeed during the first hour of life, especially the influence of time of delivery of rapid HIV test results. METHODS: Cohort study, beginning with the administration of the rapid test and ending the first time the baby is breastfed. The study population included 944 delivering mothers that received rapid HIV testing with a negative result in five Baby-Friendly hospitals of the High-Risk Pregnancy System in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, in 2006. Trained interviewers obtained data from laboratory and patient charts and interviewed mothers shortly after delivery. The influence of sociodemographic variables and antenatal and delivery care characteristics on failure to breastfeed during the first hour of life was determined through a multilevel model. RESULTS: Among participants, 15.6 percent received the result of rapid HIV testing before delivery, 30.8 percent after delivery, and 53.6 percent had not yet been informed of their results at the time of the interview. Prevalence of failure to breastfeed in the first hour of life was 52.5 percent (95 percent CI: 49.3;55.8). After adjustment, having received the result of rapid testing only after delivery doubled the risk of failing to breastfeed in the first hour (RR=2.06; 95 percent CI: 1.55;2.75). Other risk factors included nonwhite skin color, maternal income of up to one minimum wage, delivery by C-section, mother's lack of desire to breastfeed at birth, and mother's report that the hospital staff did not listen to her. Lack of knowledge of HIV testing from the mother's part was found to be a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: The major risk factor for not breastfeeding in the first hour of life was failure to receive the results of rapid HIV testing prior to delivery. HIV testing should be made widely available during antenatal care; rapid testing should be performed upon admission, only when indicated, and with...